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Marx & Lenin Communism and Pakistani Thinkers

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Marx & Lenin Communism and Pakistani Thinkers

Karl Marx & Lenin’s Communist Thought: A Simple and Clear Guide

Communism changed how we understand society, power, and class struggle. Karl Marx explained why modern economies create injustice. Lenin transformed Marx’s ideas into a real political revolution. Both leaders influenced millions across the world.

Who Was Karl Marx?

Karl Marx was a German philosopher and economist. He studied how the powerful use wealth to control society. Marx believed capitalism creates inequality and poverty.

Famous Quote by Karl Marx

“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.”

Example

A factory owner earns millions. Workers produce the goods but get low wages. Marx called this exploitation — the heart of capitalism.

Key Ideas of Marx

Class Conflict — Society is divided between the rich and the poor.

Exploitation – Workers create wealth, but owners take most of it. Revolution – When inequality grows, people fight back.

Communism – A classless society with equal rights for all.

“Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains.”

Who Was Vladimir Lenin?

Lenin was a Russian revolutionary and political leader. He took Marx’s theory and made it practical. He led the 1917 Russian Revolution and built the world’s first socialist state.

“A revolution is impossible without a revolutionary situation.”

Example

Russia had millions of poor workers and peasants under the Tsar. Lenin organized them into a strong political movement. This became the Bolshevik Revolution.

Key Ideas of Lenin Vanguard Party

A disciplined party must guide the workers. Imperialism – Big nations exploit smaller ones for profit.

Centralized Power – Workers need strong leadership after revolution.

Transition State – Socialism comes before full communism.Quote.

“Freedom in capitalist society always remains about the same as it was in ancient Greek republics: freedom for slave owners.”

Marxism vs Leninism: Explained with Examples

Point Marxism Leninism Focus Theory and philosophy Practical revolution Method Workers will rise naturally Party must lead the rise Political Plan No clear structure Strong state to protect revolution.

Example

Marx gave the map. Lenin drove the vehicle.

Why Communism Influenced the World

Communism inspired people who wanted equality, justice, and freedom from colonial powers

Real-World.

Example

Cuba China Vietnam All used Marxist-Leninist ideas to challenge elite rule and foreign control.

Pakistani Thinkers Inspired by Marxist & Leninist Thought

Pakistan has a rich history of leftist thinkers who expressed ideas of equality, justice, and resistance through poetry, writing, and activism.

  1. Faiz Ahmed Faiz-The Marxist Poet of Hope

دربار میں اب سطوت شاہی کی علامت

درباں کا عصا ہے کہ مصنف کا قلم ہے

آوارہ ہے پھر کوہ ندا پر جو بشارت

تمہید مسرت ہے کہ طول شب غم ہے

جس دھجی کو گلیوں میں لیے پھرتے ہیں طفلاں

یہ میرا گریباں ہے کہ لشکر کا علم ہے

جس نور سے ہے شہر کی دیوار درخشاں

یہ خون شہیداں ہے کہ زر خانۂ جم ہے

حلقہ کیے بیٹھے رہو اک شمع کو یارو

کچھ روشنی باقی تو ہے ہر چند کہ کم ہے

Faiz used poetry to fight injustice.

“Bol, ke lab azaad hain teray.”

(Speak, for your lips are free.)

Faiz wrote about workers, farmers, and oppressed classes. His poetry reflected Marxist ideas of class struggle and revolution.

2۔ Habib Jalib – The Voice of the People

Jalib challenged dictators and supported the poor.

“Dastoor ko, main nahin maanta!”

(“I do not accept this constitution!”)

His poems attacked authoritarian rule and demanded people’s power — ideas rooted in Marxism and Leninism.

دیپ جس کا محلات ہی میں جلے

چند لوگوں کی خوشیوں کو لے کر چلے

وہ جو سائے میں ہر مصلحت کے پلے

ایسے دستور کو صبح بے نور کو

میں نہیں مانتا میں نہیں جانتا

میں بھی خائف نہیں تختۂ دار سے

میں بھی منصور ہوں کہہ دو اغیار سے

کیوں ڈراتے ہو زنداں کی دیوار سے

ظلم کی بات کو جہل کی رات کو

میں نہیں مانتا میں نہیں جانتا

پھول شاخوں پہ کھلنے لگے

تم کہو جام رندوں کو ملنے لگے

تم کہو چاک سینوں کے سلنے لگے

تم کہو اس کھلے جھوٹ کو ذہن کی لوٹ کو

میں نہیں مانتا میں نہیں جانتا

تم نے لوٹا ہے صدیوں ہمارا سکوں

اب نہ ہم پر چلے گا تمہارا فسوں

چارہ گر دردمندوں کے بنتے ہو کیوں

تم نہیں چارہ گر کوئی مانے مگر

میں نہیں مانتا میں نہیں جانتا

3. Syed Sibte Hasan – The Scholar of Socialism

He is one of Pakistan’s most important Marxist thinkers.

“History is shaped by human struggle, not by divine forces.”

His book Musa Se Marx Tak explains Marxist philosophy in simple language.

4. Ibn-e-Insha – Satire with Social Criticism

سب مایا ہے، سب ڈھلتی پھرتی چھایا ہے

اس عشق میں ہم نے جو کھویا جو پایا ہے

جو تم نے کہا ہے،

فیضؔ نے جو فرمایا ہے سب مایا ہے

Insha’s humor exposed inequality and social injustice. His writing often highlighted class gaps, corruption, and exploitation.

5. Dr. Mubashir Hasan –Political Socialist

He worked for social justice and economic equality in Pakistan. His activism reflected Leninist ideas of political organization.

Communism’s Relevance in the Modern World

Wealth inequality is rising.

Corporations control global markets.

Workers struggle with low wages.

Climate change exposes capitalist greed.

Top 1% owns more wealth than half of the world. Marx predicted this more than 150 years ago.

Conclusion

Marx gave us a lens to understand inequality. Lenin showed how to take action against it. Pakistani thinkers kept this spirit alive through poetry, writing, and resistance. Their ideas still inspire people fighting for justice today.

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